The Prevalence Of Obesity @Australia

Question: Obesity in Australia;Discuss this claim. Answer: The prevalence of obesity cases across the globe proving to be the major concern in context to enhancing the risk of population for developing cardiovascular disorders. The reported cases of obesity outbreak in the Australian subcontinent induced the requirement for conducting clinical research in proactively determining the prevalence of predisposing factors including overweight, obesity and morbid obesity leading to cardiovascular disorders among the target population. The report published by World Health Organization (2000:p.84) reveal the sustained prevalence of obesity cases resulting in serious cardiovascular disorders including essential and malignant hypertension, and coronary artery diseases among the Australian population. Gard (2011:p.79) describes the increasing percentage of obesity cases responsible for Australias high ranking among the developed nations reported with cardiovascular fatalities. The findings from Australian Bureau of Statistics (cited in Chang Johnson, 2014:p. 212) reveal the predisposition of 64% of Australian population for cardiovascular disorders. The clinical parameters for defining obesity and overweight relate to measuring the body mass index (BMI) of the affected population. The BMI of greater than 30 corresponds to the obese status; however, the values ranging from 25 - 29 indicate abnormal weight of the predisposed individuals, in accordance with the international clinical standard. LeMone et al (2014:p.647) describe the significant impact of obesity in increasing the burden of cardiovascular diseases among the Australian population. The clinical literature supports the contention in context to the potential of obesity in affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, reproductive and endocrine physiology of the Australian population. Indeed, lifestyle changes and improper nutrition include the important factors primarily responsible for the sustained prevalence of obesity ep idemic within the Australian dominion. Ogden (2007:p.336) describes obesity as one of the causes of episodes of chronic back pain, cancer and diabetes within the developed nations including Australia and United Kingdom. The individuals affected by obesity predisposed to psychological conditions like depression, suicidal ideation, and anxiety and panic attacks. Slee et al (2012:p.383) illustrate the psychological problems resulting from obesity disorder among the Australian children. The impact of obesity in elevating the levels of serum triglyceride, insulin and cholesterol, and reducing the production of somatotropin predisposes the affected individuals to developing serious metabolic and psychosomatic disorders. The lack of desirable physical activity and inappropriate eating habits attribute to the acquired predisposition for obesity and resulting metabolic syndromes among the Australian Population. Woolfolk Margetts (2013:p.156) describe the lack of predefined assessment protoc ols and definitive measurement parameters in context to the abnormal eating patterns among Australian children. The abnormal eating habits in terms of nutritional inadequacies contribute to the increased prevalence of reported obesity cases leading to likelihood for developing fatal metabolic syndromes and dread diseases like intestinal and renal malignancies. The epidemiological statistical data reveals the tendencies in gaining excessive weight as directly related to the age advancements of the studied Australian population. Moreover, the indigenous males in the Australian region experience an increased risk of developing metabolic abnormalities resulting from obesity, as compared to the female population. Crawford (2010:p.22) illustrates the obesity trends between Australian males and females reported by the AusDiab epidemiological findings. The study reveals an increased prevalence of obesity cases among Australian women, as compared to the male population. However, the clinical literature still supports the contention of increased risk of cardiovascular abnormalities for the obese males in comparison to the overweight female individuals. The sustained prevalence of obesity complications in the Australian subcontinent warrant devising proactive strategies in challenging the progression of this metabolic disturbance for preventing the risk of diabetes, cancers and cardiovascular disorders among the overweight and obese individuals. Waters et al (2010) emphasize the need of configuring a mutually contrived obesity prevention strategy by the civil society as well as the public and private healthcare sector. The psychosocial and physiological perspectives in context to the obesity epidemic require thorough analysis and understanding by the healthcare professionals in reducing the prevalence of psychological and cardiovascular manifestations resulting from metabolic abnormalities. Proactive approaches in devising healthcare strategies in terms of imparting education regarding lifestyle modifications and dietary management highly warranted in challenging the progression of obesity and its fatal outcomes among the target pop ulation. Synergistic efforts by various medical fraternities and the common masses required to cease the promotion of unhealthy food and dietary supplements primarily responsible for the increased prevalence of obesity cases among the Australian population. The clinical perspectives warrant practicing life course approaches in addressing and mitigating the obesity epidemic and resulting fatalities from the cardiovascular outcomes among the affected individuals. The factors susceptible for the obesity manifestations require thorough analysis while devising prevention approaches and therapeutic modalities against the emerging obesity epidemic across the Australian regions. The healthcare policies governing food quality, dietary management and marketing strategies require strategic implementation to encourage the practice of hygiene and food safety measures required to sustain metabolic homeostasis among the target population. Psychological counselling, physical activity, exercise and dietary modifications need emphasis by the healthcare agencies in reducing the susceptibility factors for obesity and metabolic complications among the predisposed individuals. The practice of implementing effective strategies governed by a concrete legislative infrastructure highly warranted in safeguarding the rights of individuals for consuming nutritionally balanced food to ensure prevention of obesity and related manifestations (Waters et al, 2010). The health gaps in context to the predisposing factors including tobacco abuse, psychological abnormalities, pregnancy complications, chronic kidney disease, nutritional abnormalities and alcoholism require critical analysis in strategically challenging the resulting outcome of obesity and its metabolic and cardiovascular manifestations within the predisposed population (Rivers, 2010:pp.26-27). The healthcare approaches for preventing obesity warrant careful analysis of health status, nutritional variations, environmental influences and cultural differences between the target populations. The effectiveness and clinical significance of various weight loss programs in the Australian region requires validation to ascertain their authenticity in challenging the progression of obesity and its associated morbidities. The genomic predisposition to obesity warrants statistical analysis of the genetic profile of the target population to determine their likelihood in developing obesity, with the intent to devise effective preventive measures in retaining the health and vitality of the studied population. The epidemiological literature reveals the increased mortalities among Australian aboriginal people due to reported manifestations of pulmonary malignancy, respiratory abnormalities and coronary artery disease. The frequency, extent and severity of these life-threatening manifestations vary with any pre-existing morbidities including obesity, diabetes and other metabolic complications. The prevention of these serious fatalities warrant stringent implementation of potential public health policy and development of supportive environments while imparting education and counselling to the predisposed individuals for ensuring their physical health and psychosomatic stability under controlled circumstances. Williams Fruhbeck (2009:p.544-545) document the clinical relevance of multidimensional approaches in preventing and controlling obesity among the Australian children. These effective and clinically proven approaches indeed include imparting education and counselling to families of the o bese children, proceeding with the nutrition campaigns and encouraging children to participate in co-curricular and physical activities. The implementation of these clinically proven health approaches will assist in preventing and treating obesity epidemic, and controlling its secondary outcomes among the affected individuals. Contrarily, the metabolically stable obese individuals require further analysis in terms of conducting clinical trials in a controlled environment to investigate the impact of practicing preventive and therapeutic interventions on the health and wellness of these particular individuals. The clinical perspectives of maternal obesity among pregnant women, and its resulting influence on the episodes of gestational diabetes advocate practicing dietary and lifestyle modification interventions to avoid the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic complications in antenatal conditions. Indeed, promoting primary healthcare services, enhancing public awareness related to the obesity complications, initiating dietary reforms and imparting education sessions for implementing obesity control measures constitute some of the essential necessities warranted to challenge the progression of cardiovascular and metabolic manifestations of obesity in context to the epidemiological perspective. References Chang, E Johnson, A 2014, Chronic Illness and Disability: Principles for Nursing Practice, Elsevier, Australia Crawford, D 2010, Obesity Epidemiology: From Aetiology to Public Health (2nd edn.), Oxford Gard, M 2011, The End of the Obesity Epidemic, Routledge, USA LeMone, P, Burke, K, Dwyer, T, Levett-Jones, T, Moxham, L, Reid-Searl, K, Berry, K, Carville, K, Hales, M, Knox, N, Luxford, Y Raymond, D 2014, Medical-Surgical Nursing, Pearson, Australia Ogden, J 2007, Health Psychology: A Textbook, Mcgraw Hill, England Rivers, L 2010, No More Gaps, Xlibris, USA Slee, P, Campbell, M Spears, B 2012, Child, Adolescent and Family Development, Cambridge, NY Waters, E, Swinburn, B, Seidell, J Uauy, R 2010, Preventing Childhood Obesity: Evidence Policy and Practice, Wiley, UK Williams, G Fruhbeck, G 2009, Obesity: Science to Practice, Wiley, USA Woolfolk, A Margetts, K 2013, Educational Psychology (3rd edn.), Pearson, Australia World Health Organization 2000, Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic, WHO, Geneva.

Music Defines Dress Essays - Fashion, Jeans, Slim-fit Pants

Music Defines Dress Music Defines Dress Often I have found myself people watching for the amusement of everyday life. Not by luck or sheer investigation, I have noticed something that everyone shares in common guys and girls alike, their personal style of clothing in reflection of their choose in music. I am not talking about or brand names or ?the clothes make the man?, but that of the general appearance of how the individual displays themselves to the world around them. Over the generations people have been influenced greatly by the music that they enjoy. By conscious decisions or not, people tend to dress to the type of music that they enjoy most. Dress and Music are linked by the way of how the individual walks, carries themselves, and their general attitude. As I sit placing trying to place people with their taste in music, I have noticed that the attire of the individual somewhat perceives my notions. This notion is often accurate but not decisive. There are many instances that this does not hold true. People are defined who they are and what they are at any given moment and the music that they represent are just a rhythm away. Country Music The first thing that I notice about the people is the way that they are dressed. People usually wearing the tight jeans, boots and cowboy hats generally fall within the country music. This may not always be the case. Country music fans have a pride in their stride or a dip in their hip that makes the movement look like someone doing a two-step. The person is generally is walking with a jovial stride. The persona, in which this individual gives off, will indicate a modest, somewhat insecure, but fun loving person. Around here, country music fans wear mostly jeans and boots, but biggest give away of all is the belt buckle that is twice their IQ size. Just the other afternoon while waiting for Julia, my lunch date, an attractive young lady wearing the cowboy boots and the cowboy hat was just standing about thirty yards from me. Immediately, I assumed that fits into the country music category. As I watched her for a minute or to. I realized that my notion was correct. She walked with a j ovial stride and appeared to have a down to earth personality. My notion was re-enforced when she started interacted with her co-workers. As I watched her demonstrate a line dance that she probably learned the night before at Cotton Eyed Joe's. She tried to get her co-worker to join in the fun, but he seemed reluctant to stand up show off his dancing skills. Classical Antonio Vivaldi's spring concerto number 22, the theme for Deburg's Diamonds, fits this type of dress to the letter. This individual dictates the ?clothes makes the man? persona. As though they are the upper crust of society. The elegant clothing, the make-up, the individual seems a bit stuffy. Look at Vanna Trump, she by far is an example of the high society. The form fitting clothing and her demure personality and the love of the ballet makes her a prime example of classical. One may envision a classical music conisoure as though dressing in a smoking jacket with an ivory cigarette holder and with a comfortable wealth. One may perceive them wearing Gucci and wearing a Rolex on their wrist. Cause of perceived notions of clothing styles, the classical lovers are the hardest to spot. Eating lunch one afternoon at the Bistro on Gay Street, waiting for my entr?e to arrive, I started people watching. I noticed that there was gentleman sitting outside by the park bench. The temperature wa s mild but the skies where not inviting due to a storm approaching. This gentleman has the appearance of a transit it on his last quarter. He was asking everyone for change as they walked by. Many people didn't give this gentleman a second thought, and others found loose change in their pockets. I watched this gentleman during my entire lunch. I knew that he had a Walkman in his jacket and was listening to classical music. After I paid for my lunch, I went out and greeted the

Abortion Essays (1157 words) - Abortion Debate,

Abortion Abortion has been one of the topics of hot debate for the last three decades in our nation. Since the Roe v/s Wade decision in 1973, some Americans feel the need to ponder whether aborting fetuses is a moral action. On the one hand, some people feel that abortion should be legal because a woman has a right to choose whether she wants to continue a pregnancy or not. It's her body. On the other hand, some feel that fetuses have no advocates and deserve a right to live, so it is immoral to abandon their rights and kill them. This issue is not only at the center of political debate, but philosophical debate as well. In this paper, I will examine and critique Mary Anne Warren's On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion, where she examines the moral humanity of the fetus and its right to life. Mary Anne Warren describes how abortion should be kept legal without any restrictions on it. She states that the pro-abortion argument should center around the moral status of the baby, not simply on the rights of the mother. Yet, she does criticize those who defend abortion as the right to control one's body, ?it would be very odd to describe, say, breaking a leg, as damaging one's property, and much more appropriate to describe it as injuring oneself (Warren, 314). She uses this analogy to show the inappropriateness of a woman's body being her property. She continues her work by using Judith Thomson's paper, A Defense of Abortion as a tool to navigate her idea that abortion is morally permissible, even if a fetus has moral rights. Judith Thomson, according to Warren, says, ?a woman is under no moral obligation to complete an unwanted pregnancy (Warren, 315). Warren uses one of Thomson's analogies to help state further rationalize her hypothesis. The analogy is this: What if you found yourself in bed next to a famous violinist with your kidneys hooked up to his body. He will remain unconscious while he shares your kidneys for nine months. No one else can save him because you have the same blood type. If you don't continue this act of sharing for a period of nine months, he will die. If you do continue the procedure willingly, he will live. The question becomes, if you are an anti-abortionist will you stay consistent and feel obligated to save his life? Warren says that it is absurd to feel as though it would be murder if one declined to share their body (Warren, 316). She concludes her use of this analogy by agreeing with Thomson: even though a fetus is a human, a woman still has a right to obtain an abortion (Warren, 317). Even though Warren agrees with Thomson on some levels, she does mention one problem with this. A fetus comes into existence as a result of the woman's actions; the violinist does not. This is when she breaks off from Thomson and forms her own opinion: the need for the realization that a fetus is not a person (distinguishing between human and person) and does not have a right to life. Section II of Warren's article attempts to define what a person is, to follow through with her claim that a fetus may be a human, but is not a person, so therefore has no moral humanity. According to Warren, to be human deals with genetic humanity, the personhood deals with moral humanity (Warren, 319). She claims that if you are a person you have moral status and your rights should be respected, if you are not a person none of that applies to you. So all she has to do is prove that a fetus is not a person, and that will prove that abortion is moral. She gives five different characteristics that classify what a person is: (1) consciousness and the ability to feel pain, (2) reasoning and solving problems, (3) self-motivated activity, (4) communication with numerous possible content, (5) self-concept of individuality or racial ethnicity (Warren, 320). If one refers to the five standards of being a person, a fetus could not be a person, so abortion is therefore moral, according to

Definition and Examples of Meaning in Linguistics

Definition and Examples of Meaning in Linguistics In semantics and pragmatics, meaning is the message conveyed by words, sentences, and symbols in a context. Also called  lexical meaning or semantic meaning. In The Evolution of Language (2010), W. Tecumseh Fitch points out that semantics is the branch of language study that consistently rubs shoulders with philosophy. This is because the study of meaning raises a host of deep problems that are the traditional stomping grounds for philosophers. Here are more examples of meaning from other writers on the subject: Word Meanings Word meanings are like stretchy pullovers, whose outline contour is visible, but whose detailed shape varies with use: The proper meaning of a word . . . is never something upon which the word sits like a gull on a stone; it is something over which the word hovers like a gull over a ships stern, noted one literary critic.(Jean Aitchison, The Language Web: The Power and Problem of Words. Cambridge University Press, 1997) Meaning in Sentences It may justly be urged that, properly speaking, what alone has meaning is a sentence. Of course, we can speak quite properly of, for example, looking up the meaning of a word in a dictionary. Nevertheless, it appears that the sense in which a word or phrase has a meaning is derivative from the sense in which a sentence has a meaning: to say a word or phrase has a meaning is to say that there are sentences in which it occurs which have meanings; and to know the meaning which the word or phrase has, is to know the meanings of sentences in which it occurs. All the dictionary can do when we look up the meaning of a word is to suggest aids to the understanding of sentences in which it occurs. Hence it appears correct to say that what has meaning in the primary sense is the sentence. (John L. Austin, The Meaning of a Word. Philosophical Papers, 3rd ed., edited by J. O. Urmson and G. J. Warnock. Oxford University Press, 1990) Different Kinds of Meaning for Different Kinds of Words There cant be a single answer to the question Are meanings in the world or in the head? because the division of labor between sense and reference is very different for different kinds of words. With a word like this or that, the sense by itself is useless in picking out the referent; it all depends on what is in the environs at the time and place that a person utters it. . . . Linguists call them deictic terms . . .. Other examples are here, there, you, me, now, and then. At the other extreme are words that refer to whatever we say they mean when we stipulate their meanings in a system of rules. At least in theory, you dont have to go out into the world with your eyes peeled to know what a touchdown is, or a member of parliament, or a dollar, or an American citizen, or GO in Monopoly, because their meaning is laid down exactly by the rules and regulations of a game or system. These are sometimes called nominal kindskinds of things that are picked out only by how we decide to name the m. (Steven Pinker, The Stuff of Thought. Viking, 2007) Two Types of Meaning: Semantic and Pragmatic It has been generally assumed that we have to understand two types of meaning to understand what the speaker means by uttering a sentence. . . . A sentence expresses a more or less complete propositional content, which is semantic meaning, and extra pragmatic meaning comes from a particular context in which the sentence is uttered. (Etsuko Oishi, Semantic Meaning and Four Types of Speech Act. Perspectives on Dialogue in the New Millennium, ed. P. Kà ¼hnlein et al. John Benjamins, 2003) Pronunciation: ME-ning Etymology From the Old English, to tell of

Effects of obesity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effects of obesity - Research Paper Example Obesity can occur because of many causes. Heredity is one factor that causes obesity, though its role is perceived to be greater than it really is. Many people think of genes as the sole cause of obesity. While gene increases the tendency of an individual to gain weight, people generally have an unhealthy style of living that prevails in the culture of the family. Many people become obese because of the very unhealthy lifestyle. Prenatal and postnatal influences increase the tendency of children to be obese. Pregnant mothers who are obese or who smoke increase the tendency of their children to grow into obese adults (Harvard School of Public Health, 2014). Excessive gain of weight during the stage of infancy increases people’s risk of becoming obese as adults, whereas breastfeeding lowers this risk. A potential cause of obesity is the unhealthy diet whose consumption has become a trend and culture particularly in the West. People commonly consume large meals with a high conten t of refined grains, unhealthy fats, red meat, and carbonated drinks. Healthy diet based on the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is not very common. Advancement of technology is another factor that can be considered as the cause of obesity. People spend too much time watching television, surfing the internet, using computers, and Facebooking. All of these activities limit their physical activity. In addition, people’s tendency to consume unhealthy diets and life an unhealthy lifestyle is increased under the influence of constant advertising of unhealthy products on the digital media. Children experience many negative effects of obesity. Obese children cannot participate as actively in the physical extracurricular activities in school as their class-fellows. They might feel motivated to participate because of their inner talents, but their weight, figure, and obesity-influenced characteristics discourage them from making

Descartes and The Matrix to address a topic Essay

Descartes and The Matrix to address a topic - Essay Example It is about human beings being deceived by their own senses into believing that the state of events in the world around them is true but in actual sense they are in a dream state. In analysing the film in light of Descartes first three meditations, the first meditation is about the things that people may doubt, the second about the nature of people’s minds and how it is easier to know it than the body while the third meditation is about God and whether he actually exists (Wilson 13). In the film, Descartes malicious and evil deceivers are represented by the agents within the matrix whose core aim is to hide the truth and cause doubt in our minds. They deny us the chance of actually differentiating between what is reality and what is false. In the first meditation, Descartes suggested that he believed not an optimal God but somewhat an evil demon was responsible for hiding the truth from him and thus leading him to spiral down a trail of doubts and scepticism that eventually le d him to a possible truth that nothing is actually certain (Wilson 34). In the movie, the matrix is displayed as a program that is fed into one’s mind which causes the person to believe the reality of the false world that is being projected to them. The program deceives senses into thinking that an individual is at that time experiencing a false world but in essence they are just lying in a pod which is wired to the Matrix. The agents, as mentioned earlier, are part of the programme that is fed into a person’s mind to stop people from discovering reality. However, the difference between what is real and what is a dream is still hard to correctly identify as was exemplified in the movie where the main character, Neo, is captured by the agents in the matrix and bugged but instead he wakes up in his bed thinking that it was all a dream. It is with his dream argument that Descartes is able to exercise his doubts on the evidence given to us by our senses. He goes to the ext reme of questioning his own existence in his second mediation where he wrote: â€Å"I am--I exist: this is certain; but how often? As often as I think; for perhaps it would even happen, if I should wholly cease to think, that I should at the same time altogether cease to be† (Chappell 56). Further, in his second meditation, he posits that there is a truth in the existence of a powerful malignant being who is omnipresent and all his endeavours are toward deceiving him. Descartes says â€Å"But [as to myself, what can I now say that I am], since I suppose there exists an extremely powerful, and, if I may so speak, malignant being, whose whole endeavours are directed toward deceiving me? Can I affirm that I possess any one of all those attributes of which I have lately spoken as belonging to the nature of body? After attentively considering them in my own mind, I find none of them that can properly be said to belong to myself.†-Descartes (Wilson 23). He also believes that the possibility of an external world that remains true may also be meddled by the Evil deceiver and still cannot be trusted fully without question. Later, he also introduced the concept of God into his third meditation who actually overpowers the Evil deceiver’s power much like in the matrix where Neo’s Powers was much stronger than the agents who were keeping him and people from discovering reality. The deceiver presented in the Matrix and that proposed have shown certain

Indigenous Cultures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Indigenous Cultures - Research Paper Example That is why they are settled around Ometepec, Tlacoachistlahuaca, San Pedro and Xochistlahuaca (Wauchope 418). They are located around the slopes of the mountains that surround the municipalities on fertile land. The people are settled on over 2, 500km region near the coast parts of the borders and they total to over 45,000 people. At the same time, the indigenous group has a well-defined culture that constitute of nuclear and extended families, catholic religion and practice agriculture. In most cases, the male partners are patriarchal and control all systems of leadership in the society. It is a culture for the people of Amuzgo to respect gender roles in their communities. The boys take full responsibility of accompanying their fathers into the farms to gain agricultural knowledge. Given that agriculture is the basic resource of livelihood in the Southwest borders, the Amuzgo boys must gain basic knowledge. Also, 90 percent of the people practice catholic religion with the remaining 10 percent being Protestants (Vinding, 91). The Amuzgo people also have various tongues in their language based on the dialect and community of livelihood. This is based on the variation in the tongues used in naming various mythical origins. According text testing that were done in 1900s, the variation in language of the distinctive communities that reside around Southwest part of Mexico as Amuzgo people are the same. That is why it is most common in Guerrero and Oaxaca. In conclusion, it is evident that Amuzgo Indigenous people are diverse in their culture, language and character traits. This is based on the fact that they have different tongues but are able to intermingle in their agricultural activities. Also, they are located in different municipalities around Guerrero and Oaxaca borders but work towards a common goal of conserving their culture and