Crooks Diary Entry Of mice and Men Essay Example

Hoodlums Diary Entry Of mice and Men Paper Goodness god. So much happened today; I dont recollect the last time I had such a great amount to manage in one night. I only sittin around, workin in my room, getting a charge out of the harmony and very of the night when I heard somebody at the entryway. It was Lennie, the new huge person, askin about his damn puppies. What does he figure hes doing? Upsetting me from my day by day schedules. Be that as it may, I was feelin truly forlorn at that point, so I let him in. He came in and began talkin about his dumb bunnies and how hes going to have his very own farm with George, his little companion. Ha! What is this? Some sortta of joke? They dont even have the cash for it! Gosh hes such an imbecile, coming to somebody like me around evening time and simply yaking session how hes going to achieve is dream and pet bunnies. Hes nuts. Acts like hes a 5-year old child or somethin. In any case, at that point, the most unusual thing occurred, I had another guest. It was the old swamper. At any rate it was somebody who has to some degree a mind. Said to me that it must be ideal to have the entire space to myself. In the event that solitary he would comprehend what I like to have; Id preferably be in a room squeezed with 20 individuals over confronting 4 white dividers each night! We will compose a custom paper test on Crooks Diary Entry Of mice and Men explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Crooks Diary Entry Of mice and Men explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Crooks Diary Entry Of mice and Men explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Candy proceeded to state that he was a piece of Lennie and Georges meandered aimlessly about the fact that they are so near really succeeding, similar to it was truly going to occur. I couldnt accept the enormous person was talking reality from the beginning! I cannot prevent myself from deduction, if these two individuals can converse with me like Im someone, living with them on their farm my bend my destiny, I will never again be separated! Unexpectedly, the way that my future could change into something better, something to anticipate, truly made me energized. Pictures of what I can achieve flushed into my psyche, The idea of managing less of what I manage now is simply invigorating! At the point when Candy discussed having their own territory and living without the concern of losing a spot to live, food to eat, and really claiming property, my heart took off, that would truly be an extraordinary thought, my life truly could change! I cannot quit considering it, how Lennie and George are so near accomplishing their objective, mine strength be conceivable as well! I could have on the off chance that I had my own property, I may procure more than what I acquire now, even raise a family, I could be a father thus much prospects. Curleys spouse showed up at my front entryway, the one that has huge amounts of cosmetics all over, which carried us three men to stun, I dont recollect the last time this room was so packed! What inconvenience does she need now? With her here, I could envision the most noticeably awful occurring, us three being sacked from our occupations, is that what she needs nowI believe that in one manner, me and Curleys spouse share for all intents and purpose is having nobody to speak with. In any case, she truly irritated me when she utilized her situation in the farm to undermine my activity, that was not what I would do on the off chance that I needed to coexist with somebody or discover somebody to converse with. It was her deficiency for not accepting that Curley didn't stall out into the machine, what have I done to merit those words that came out from her mouth? Who she call a nigger? That mean bitch that had no companions, she overlooked that she was in my room, what she doing coming in so late to a keeps an eye on room, needing to push all of us into difficulty? Why cant she simply stay out of other people's affairs and leave every one of us to our tranquility? Be that as it may, Im happy she reminded me, I nearly overlooked my idenity, who I am as a dark, how might I have even uncovered the idea of finding a hobby outside? I completely disregarded myself and how these white individuals treat me, how might I live with them, we are from various universes, we can't live respectively in harmony, it will never occur. Beneficial thing I disclosed to Lennie that I have altered my perspective to being a piece of their territory, god recognizes what may occur on the off chance that I truly went to begin another existence with them! Today around evening time was such an odd night, how could everybody be out of nowhere zoned out and conversed with me like I was someone to them, I havent had organization for quite a while and Ive truly missed it a great deal. I truly need somebody to converse with ,to have the option to hear me out talk, I truly accept that being separated from everyone else for so long would truly make me insane in some way or another. The longing I have for a friend is driving me near being distraught! Be that as it may, I won't disregard my nobility and who I am as an individual of color.

Can the war on terror be undertood in terms of realism Essay

Can the war on fear be undertood regarding authenticity - Essay Example This shouldn’t be frightening as they all have a typical cause and thinking about the intricacy of the subject, it merits this abstract stretch. On the off chance that Marxism and Christianity can have different understandings, so can authenticity. John J. Mearsheimer, educator at the University of Chicago was once gotten some information about psychological warfare, and his answer was, ‘Not an entire hell of a ton, Realism†¦..is extremely about relations among states, particularly among the incomparable powers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Realism doesn’t have a lot to state about the reasons for terrorism’1. It is smarter to investigate different authenticity hypotheses before delving into the subtleties of the war on fear. Authenticity is a ‘philosophical disposition’ in the expressions of Robert Gilpin; numerous reporters have thought of it as a general direction and not a lot of unequivocal standards. As per Ferguson and Mansbach, it is a lot of regularizing accentuations that shape the hypothesis and a ‘attitude of mind’ with unmistakable and discernible flavors in the expressions of Edward Garnett. Sandra Rosenthal looks at authenticity as a ‘loose framework’ while Colin Elman thinks of it as a ‘big tent’ that has space to oblige various speculations and notions2. Authenticity is a strategy of understanding universal relations and numerous researchers and scholars have set themselves in the development of this technique that is the reason it has been delimited in its projection and examination. It is somewhat hard to encase psychological warfare or ‘war on terror’ in one meaning of authenticity. Fear based oppression is an idea that has arrived at all sides of the earth. No spot on this planet is obscurity of this idea, particularly after the dismal September 11 assaults on the twin towers of U.S. also, the America’s ‘war on terror’. This expression has re-imagined household clashes and regional encounters. Before 9/11 assaults and the affirmed ‘war on terror’, fear based oppressor bunches were indigenous of their landscapes however now simply like worldwide exchange and

Times May Not Be A’Changin’ :: essays research papers

Times May Not Be â€Å"A’Changin’†      Although depicted in an especially abhorrent situation, creator Shirley Jackson passes on the significance of maintaining convention in her short story, â€Å"The Lottery.† While the climactic execution-by-stoning isn’t a serious present day model, it despite everything serves to give us that a few customs merit maintaining. In our general public today, it appears as though there is a developing development to look forward and grasp the new as opposed to recalling our past. In any case, to viably make changes and arrangement for the future, it is fundamental that we go to our history. Perhaps the best issue on the planet today is that of enthusiasm. In the quick wake of September eleventh, almost all inhabitants of this nation gladly announced themselves â€Å"Americans,† setting aside close to home inclination, contrasts in religion, and family roots to help the remaking of a country. Of late, be that as it may (since our contribution in the Iraq War), this thought of solidarity and fellowship has by and by assumed a lower priority in relation to individual plans.      In a similar way that the town is pleased to proceed with its June 27th convention, a great many people likewise invest heavily in feeling loyalty towards their nation (explicitly the United States). Maybe it is profound family roots or a solid association with protected goals; whatever the explanation, enthusiasm appears to stay with Americans. Despite the fact that our enthusiasm for our nation has been at a recurring pattern since the beginnings of the Revolution, we will in general firmly relate to this country. The humble community has a grizzly custom that leaves at any rate one individual every year especially miserable, yet we don't hear discuss moving ceaselessly. We just read of different towns that have discarded the lottery: â€Å"They do say†¦ that over in the north town they’re discussing surrendering the lottery (McMahan 87),† and there is â€Å"nothing yet inconvenience in that (McMahan 87).† Even Tessie Hutchinson, the unfortu nate ‘winner,’ claims that the training is out of line, however in any case obliges it. Similarly, a trooper who bites the dust for his nation does as such for more prominent's benefit. The trooper is so enthusiastic about the standards of his country that he is happy to pass on protecting them. He wouldn't like to pass on, however realizes he is doing as such for a decent aim †that of freedom.      The townspeople are not battling for their opportunity from oppressors or obsolete standards; despite what might be expected, they are attempting to keep up their legacy.

Essay Topics about Al Reviews & Tips

Essay Topics about Al Reviews & Tips You have to examine and re-read your article to appraise the syntax you've used is ideal. The closing statements were rather shocking. Do not be hesitant to ask questions if there are a few unclear points. Stephen's essay is rather effective. Don't neglect to get a Kibin editor review your final paper to be sure it's on the right path. If you like science, you're guaranteed to talk non-stop about it. The entire research should be constructed around or from this issue. You may want to include a concise history of plastic surgery and why it has gotten so popular. All you will need is the proper topic. Since it's such a huge subject, you are going to want to narrow your paper down to a particular angle. Essay Topics about Al - the Story Essay writing does not actually need to be difficult. Your reader will have the ability to tell too. Creating skills also offer organization. Writing an essay may be a monotonous occupation, particularly in the event you've left it to the former minute. School should occur in the evenings. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. Parents should speak to kids about drugs at a youthful age. School tests aren't powerful. How to Get Started with Essay Topics about Al? Try out another topic and do the identical 5-minute writing test till you locate a topic you know it is simple to write on. Lastly, the detail of real speech makes the scene pop. The next substantial point is to truly choose the reach of your very own analytic article. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory for the initial five years after obtaining a license. There are invariably a vast range of opinions on the topic of technology, and here are our favourite things to consider on the subject. Make the usage of the suggested research paper topic ideas and you'll be prosperous. When deciding on your research paper topic, you have to make certain it is neither boring nor worn out. Once you have decided on a topic from our philosophy paper topics list, you must understand which idea that you want to convey to your future readers. Normally, having three main arguments to show your point is sufficient for a convincing paper. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential matter to do is to select a topic and an argument that you could really get behind. Then you can pick which side of the argument that you want to tackle. There are a lot of things to argue when it has to do with the law. Top Choices of Essay Topics about Al Creative Essay writing is currently recognized among the most helpful activity for kids for their general personality development. Writing a research paper even though may appear challenging is a considerable portion of normal student life. The net has made our life a good deal simpler. If you're confused with a number of interesting topics to research online, it's much better to determine what interests you the most. Year round school isn't a good idea. Some ideas, clearly, can be borrowed, but due credit has to be given. Very often it becomes hard to choose a single topic either due to the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. There are instances when you're assigned with the topic but more frequently, you will need to create a topic on your own.

Therapeutic Goals For The Mendez Family - 1057 Words

Therapeutic goals for the Mendez family will be set after the initial session. One goal for the family is learning and using effective communication strategies. As well as recognizing their role within the family conflicts and disagreements. By doing this they can accomplish another goal of working towards eliminating negative interaction cycles. Working on coping skills to adapt to new environment and unemployment can also be beneficial for the Mendez’s. The family can also work in aiding Josephine in reconnecting with her ethnicity. Another goal is working on finding resources within their new community which will help the family organize around relevant community. Increasing the structure and strengthen the foundation of the family unit†¦show more content†¦Emmanuel speaks Spanish with very little English, while Josephine is Fluent in English and only understands some Spanish. Secondly, the acculturation level is significantly different between the generations and within this single family. For example, Emmanuel appears to maintain close ties to his roots while Josephine has been exposed to the mainstream culture and outside influences. A third issue is Josephine’s racial identity status in regards to her confused identity with her ethnicity. Research Article Summary Congress stated in Cultural and Ethical Issues in Working with Culturally Diverse Patients and their Families that in all aspects of health and mental health care workers interact with patients from many different cultures. This paper introduced an assessment tool for health care professionals to advance understanding of culturally diverse patients and their families. This article applies the culturagram to work with patients and their families in health and mental health settings. The culturagram is a family assessment instrument. It was discussed in this journal article and was originally developed to help social workers understand culturally diverse clients and their families. During the last seven years the culturagram has been applied to work with people of color, battered women, children, and older people. A culturagram examines the following ten areas: Reasons for relocation/immigration, length of time in community,

Why Studying Abroad Is So Popular - 818 Words

Hi teacher. I have an examination for graduation in next month and I am practicing for writing. May you help me to fix my essay, please? I am very grateful for your help. Thank you vey much . Topic: Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home countries. Why do some students study abroad? Use specific reasons and detail to explain your answer. Today, studying of students is not limitable in their country which is extended in most countries of the world, so students can change knowledge and even go to the various part of the world to study. Thus, many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home countries. There are three some reasons why some students study abroad: gaining†¦show more content†¦And therefore many students choose to attend universities outside their home countries. In brief, studying abroad is very useful for those who have convenient conditions. It provides students more knowledge, attending a famous universities easier than the school in their countries, students can get a job easily with a good salary. That’s why I think that study abroad is fantastic for students †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Topic: some people believe that university students should be required to attend class. Others believe that going to class should be optional for students. Which point of view do you agree with? Use specific reasons and detail to explain your answer. Nowadays, studying is a very important aspect in the society. It is provide a lot of knowledge for us. Thus, to get a good knowledge we should go to class regularly and study clearly. At the university, students should be required to attend class. Others believe that going to class should be optional for students. I think that students should be required to attend class for some reasons. First, you can get a high result in study. As you can see, regular study will make us learn a lot of knowledge and when you have a difficult in the study you can ask your teacher clearly. When you attend to class everyday, you can study better, get high marks and pass the examination easer then you do not go to class regularly. Second, studying also help us make a goodShow MoreRelatedShould Vietnamese Overseas Students Come Home Or Not?1649 Words   |  7 Pagesbest high school students in the country to receive scholarships granted by Swinburne University of Technology to study abroad in Australia. Only one of the 16 students who were awarded scholarships to study abroad had returned back home to Vietnam to work after graduation. Statistics on educational website nozomi.edu.vn showed that the cumulative number of Vietnamese students studying overseas reached 100,000 people, but less than 30% of them returned home after completing their studies. Due to theRead MoreEssay Globalization and Culture Preservation1284 Words   |  6 Pagesand personas such as the McDonalds’s golden arches and Mickey Mouse are recognized worldwide. When Saddam Hussein was captured, nearly every country knew about it within a matter of hours. Yet, while globalization is taking place, it is not doing so without dispute. Many countries, in fact, feel threatened by Western culture and consequently, are acting out to preserve their own identities. Differences in currency and standardized measuring units indicate hesitancy and possibly even an inabilityRead MoreDisadvantage and Advantage Studying Abroad and Locally1961 Words   |  8 PagesDisadvantages of studying abroad essay Introduction Education is very important in life. 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She shared with me that once she is finished studying she wants to make a name for her self and establish herself in her country a s a fashion designer.    Individualism-collectivism:Read MoreThe Positive Impact of Teen Travel Abroad1516 Words   |  7 Pagestraveling abroad not only teaches them more about other cultures, but more about themselves, who they are and who they want to become. Travel has increased throughout the years. According to World Tourism Organization travel has increased by 5% in 2013 with 1,087 million people traveling. This is an additional 52 million international travels from the previous year. This increase in travel has brought a very positive impact on many economies around the world and is predicted to continue to do so in theRead MoreDrinking on College Campuses1799 Words   |  7 Pagesover the problem of students drinking and look at their college life in a positive way. They understand the students to be studying, making new friends, or working. Instead, an abundance of students are partying and drinking at these parties. The transformation from high school to college causes stress to the students. Therefore, instead of the students looking towards studying more, they start partying to solve their problems. Once they start partying, it gets harder for them to stop and they becomeRead MoreAnalysis Of What Will The World Speak1045 Wor ds   |  5 Pagesstrong presents in the world today. A universal language does not mean the demolition of the diversity of cultures that we observe today, it simply means that English will be a middle ground among the nations. The English language is already the most popular language in the world, accompanied by each person’s native language. Also, Compared to other languages it English is relatively easy to learn. According to Neeley, â€Å"English is the fastest -spreading language in human history and is used by an estimateRead MoreHow College Is The Human Brain And Behavior959 Words   |  4 PagesPediatrician growing up, but, I later strived for another placement in society which involves my participation to work with all groups and ages. This includes major concepts such as: studying the human brain and behavior. The world in which we know- psychology. I like to understand and interpret why a person behaves the way they do, or why a person thinks from another perspective in which society may least understand the reasoning behind. Freedom of speech is the first amendment and, I do believe it is acceptableRead Morethe more languages you speak the more of a person you are1395 Words   |  6 P agesrealise that we are all different, and hopefully to be more tolerent with our differences. Why should I learn a language? Learning a foreign language takes time and dedication. The reasons below may help to convince you to take the plunge, if such persuasion is needed. Some reasons are practical, some aspirational, some intellectual and others sentimental, but whatever your reasons, having a clear idea of why youre learning a language can help to motivate you in your studies. Kolik jazykÃ… ¯ znà ¡Ã… ¡, tolikrà ¡tRead MoreDefining The Future For African Americans1631 Words   |  7 Pagesasked which doll was the â€Å"nice doll,† and why that doll is nice and similar to Dr. Clark’s study many children responded, â€Å"Because she’s white.† When asked which doll looks like them, the African American children hesitantly pushed the black doll toward the interviewer. The film brings up the point that Africans were brought to America without completely knowing where they are from in Africa, because different parts of Africa have completely different cultures, so while other know where they are from

A London Fete Essay Example For Students

A London Fete Essay It puts the reader in the moment and gives them a sense of what is taking place. Following the climax of the poem, it resumes its iambic tetrameter base style, essentially calming the reader and attempting to create a sense of routine following the excitement of the celebration. Its rhythm is a contrast to the rather violent events that are still taking place and the acceptance of these events as both appropriate and normal: A baby strung its doll to a stick;/ A mother praised the pretty trick: (42/ 43). Despite what the rhythm suggests, these events are just as brutal as the hanging and leave the reader feeling uneasy and unsettled. The return to the poems base metrics helps suggest that these violent events are normal, thus underscoring the ironic tone first set in the poems title. The use of devices such as alliterative language and onomatopoeia emphasize the sinister theme of the poem. The repeated use of the unvoiced consonant s, most notably in lines 15-24 and 36-40, calls to mind the hiss of a restless crowd. It also likens the noise of the crowd to the hiss of a snake, long a symbol of evil action when depicted in literature (most notably in the bible, lending the weight of moral judgment to the authors words). The onomatopoeic effect of words such as clanged (2) bawled (14), roar (27), burst (28) and clatter (35) accentuates the dissonance and ugliness of the days events. From the first line, the repetition of particular words has a similar effect; shock on shock incorporates all three of these devices and alludes to the poems shocking climax. The overall effect of the language used is both phonetically and figuratively harsh. One would hope that after reading A London Fete one takes the time to consider ones own behavior when placed in a (time appropriate) similar situation. The text seems to urge the reader to reflect on their social and moral conscience to compare and contrast their behavior with that of the mob in the poem. How likely are it that our own society would behave in such a manner and to whom shall we be held accountable if not ourselves? The poem is a dark commentary on the difference between what we present as our standards of right and wrong and how we often stray from these standards when the opportunity presents itself. I found this to be a difficult and yet interesting assignment. Difficult in that I had not been asked to critique a poem since high school and had to refresh my memory on just what I should be looking for. It was interesting because I often take literature at its face value, especially when reading strictly for pleasure. It was fun to look a little deeper at a poem, and to speculate about what the author may have intended for it to say. It was also interesting because the author was not given. This allowed me to draw my own conclusions about the piece without taking into consideration any of the biases created by age, gender, era, etc. Overall, I was often quite challenged but enjoyed th2e experience. Works Cited: 1. A London Fete (text supplied by instructor, other details withheld) 2. Parrot, E. O. ed. How To Be Well Versed in Poetry. London: Penguin, 1990 Assignment #1: A Critical Analysis of A London Fete By Alana Wilson Date: Monday, October 04, 2004 Class: Eng 203. 6 Insturctor: Dr. L. M. Findlay Student #: 950326.

How to increase global consumer trust in online shopping Research Paper Example

How to increase global consumer trust in online shopping? Paper Abstract Online shopping or e-commerce is developed rapidly and has a gigantic impact in globalization. Many consumers around the world start to trade products or do business using this system. The most crucial factor for consumer who shops online is trust. Grabber-Quarter (1989 p. 43) states Trust can serve as mechanism to reduce the complexity of human conduct in situations where people have to cope with uncertainty. This paper tries to analyze that which method can be use by online merchants to increase their consumer trust. Various action and tools are introduced o increasing customers trust and verify the website information. Amazon. Com is chosen to be the case study. The reason behind this Is the popularity and reliably of the website and It Is ranked in the top website In the world. Introduction Figure: E-commerce market size from 2004 to 2014 Source: Remuneration, International Telecommunication Union; A. T. Carney analysis E-commerce is now widely used and has a huge impact in globalization The graph above shows the upward trend of e-commerce market size which increasing respectively since 2004 and from now on the trend Is also estimated to be rising due o the benefits of It. There are significant reasons behind that why majority of people use this method of trading. First of all, consumers can trade goods easier than by traditional shopping. Consumers can obviously gain convenience when they shop online since they can purchase or sell products without driving to their favorite stores. We will write a custom essay sample on How to increase global consumer trust in online shopping? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How to increase global consumer trust in online shopping? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How to increase global consumer trust in online shopping? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Buyers can effortlessly visit online shopping websites such as eBay, Amazon etc. And then search for the product and finally purchase it by using online transaction. Secondly, most of the prices in online shopping websites are much lower than traditional shopping cause the websites owners need to decrease their profit margin to attract and get more consumers. For example, online merchant needs to discount the price of products to promote the website, which attract buyers and make your business more popular with your lower price. On the other hand, there are some drawbacks for online shopping. First of all, sometimes the trading can be misleading; for example, consumers receive low quality of products because they TLD test the product before buying and also returning product Is very complicated. The following have not good enough security and consumers want to ensure their safety before riding. The time lag between buying and receiving products is also a big annoyance. Due to the item being sent from overseas, it may take up to a month to get the products. According to Amazon. Mom, standard shipping day to United States is 7-12 days, to Thailand is 17-26 business days, and United Kingdom is 18-26 days as can seen that the length of time depends on the distance of each country. However, the advantages of online shopping outweigh the disadvantages. So the majority of consumers are prefer making transaction in the internet process instead of shopping in the stores. Each consumer has dissimilar behavior but most of them consider that trust is the major factor to choosing website because trust can influence the consumers decision directly and indirectly (alley, 2013). Hence, internet merchants should generate trust to their customers in their own website, which lead to the successful of their business. This paper consists of five parts. In the first part is about trust and its impact to e-commerce. Secondly, perceived risk on e-commerce, which is the problem of online shopping. Following by procedures to develop trust in e- commerce that discuss about the solution. Third part is the case of Amazon. Com which is one of the famous online shopping website in the world. The last part is conclusion. Trust as a crucial factor The most crucial factor for consumers who shop online is trust. Trust can serve as mechanism to reduce the complexity of human conduct in situations where people have to cope with uncertainty (Grabber-Quarter, 1989, p. 43). Trust can influence the transactions decision of consumers in e-commerce directly and indirectly through mediators. For the direct effect, there are numerous reasons that why purchasers rust and concerning the online selling website is an essential factor of their willingness to buy. For example, many online transactions are managed across the countries and consumers could not know standard of products. So, trust or belief in the online shopping website delights consumers to take part in online trading regardless of the risk. Furthermore, trust also has indirect impact via two mediating variables, which consist of perceived risk and perceived benefit. Perceived risk can illustrated as the nature and amount of risk perceived by a consumer in contemplating a particular purchase decision (Hong and Chaw, 2013, p. 28). This is a significant variable mediating trust in the website because it is level of consumers uncertainty concerning the result of a purchase decision. Especially in online shopping, consumers always face the risk due to the uncertainty of the shopping website. Perceived risk about shopping online is negatively related to a consumers trust (Hong and Chaw, 2013, p. 929). In contrast, perceived benefit is can illustrate as the knowledge of the positive worth for online customers. A consumers perceived benefit of e-commerce has a positive relationship to a consumers trust. To measure bevel of consumers trust, studying the effect without mediation and examining mediation effect are the key method. This paper will focus solely about perceived risk commerce is to mitigate the lack of consumer confidence (Martin and Cameron, 2009, p. 629). Online merchants should concern about the reliability of their websites (product quality, period of time for shipping and online payment) to improve consumer trust and raise the number of consumers to buy online. For example, Amazon. Com is a business-to-consumer (BBC) company, which sells products to customers by internet directly. The meaning of mediating factor or mediating variable of trust and risk can describe that trust abates the perceived risk. Therefore, perceived risk has a straight negative impact on consumers purpose and trust is the main factor that subtracts the level of consumers perceived risk in online shopping. This paper will find out the mediating role of consumer trust in online shopping like the perceived risk and analyze the method that online merchants increase their consumer trust. Various action and tools are expressed that internet firms can use to verify and keep up trust. The main example is based on Amazon. M because Amazon. Com is one of the reliable online shopping website since this website give precedence to consumers trust. Perceived risk on e-commerce The severe problem for online shopping is the greater risk which leads to less trust as the quality of products are unnoticed since buyers can not touch or see the product (pre-purchase uncertainties and post-purchase uncertaint ies), lack of sellers recommendation (sellers dont provide enough products information to buyers), and the payment method which is influenced by security (input users data) and privacy issues (credit card details). These mean there is the higher asymmetric information about goods and enterprise in online shopping than traditional shopping. This asymmetric information is can illustrated as the case that seller perceives more information than purchaser and vice versa, This problem leads to greater perceived risk for buyers and also results in adverse selection problem. Adverse selection problems occur when one party is unsure about the claims that the other party makes (Eisenhower, 1989; Mishear, 1998). Perceived risk can described as unanticipated outcomes a purchaser dreads may occur as a result of making bad decision. Hence, its hard for consumers to separate between sellers with dissimilar levels of product quality. From the past study it showed that perceived risk reduces the willingness of consumers to buy goods over the Internet and perceived risk is a crucial factor mediating trust in the online shopping (Martin and Cameron, 2009, p. 631). Procedures to develop trust in e-commerce Consumers with high-perceived risk are influenced to keep away from the online shopping as they face the problem of asymmetric information. So internet seller must reduce risk or maintain trust in online shopping in order to attract consumers. There are various useful procedures to build and maintain customers trust. These policies, and reputation policies. Information policies aim at decreasing asymmetric information from customers through the communications such as advertising or get the online website listed on high people-reviewed directory. Get a good-looking web presentation design is also the information policies since the logo, design, and layout can lead too first impression for consumers. Guarantee policies contain many kinds of instrument that certify payments in a case of harm. These procedures give nonusers confidence that if there is an obstacle with a purchase, the retailer assures that consumers will get the product they ordered or get their refund. The third policy is reputation policies, which are the tools for supporting trustworthiness in purchases. Reputation is the result of trustworthy behavior and plays an important part in determining the willingness of others to enter into an exchange with a given actor (Grabber-Quarter, 1989, p. 8). For example, online merchants with better reputation have more advantages when compare with newcomer merchants since consumers are prefer popular website than other. Another way to improve the reputation is to form the community like a group of websites that related to their goods or services. This can make the base for trustworthy communication (Webber and Meyer, 2000). Case of Amazon. Com Amazon is an American e-commerce company which the initiation as online bookstore which attract customers by provide cheap price and free delivery fare. Nowadays, Amazon sell widely kind of products like books, DVDs, MPH, computer software, furniture, food, Jewelry and electronic devices. It is one of the largest online shopping website which has developed a purchaser base of around million people ever the last 10 years. This website gain income by small percentage of the products price that is sold in Amazon. Com and also the advertisement from other firms in its website. Amazon is totally reliable and most powerful businesses in the world. The reason behind that is Amazon provides abundant of information and data, which other sellers may not inform. Amazon has customer services centers around the worlds across North American, Latin America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. The delivery is quick and accurate. For the payment method, if customers dont want to give credit rd number or bank account number to website, they can choose another method which is mail the money to Amazon but take a risk to be stolen. Amazon also allows customers to rate and review the products in the website which is helpful to other customers. There are other two significant policies in Amazon, which are returns/ refunds policies and exchange items policy. Returns/refunds policies are kind of guarantee policies, which contain many kinds of instrument that certify payments in a case of damage. Exchange policy is for consumers who need to change for a different size or color. If buyers are changing for a dissimilar size, it will cover any cost increase. But if the exchanged item costs more, it will charge the difference in price. Furthermore, it helps consumers to order some products from other sellers.

Social Work Values essays

Social Work Values essays Identify and examine their own values, attitudes, and spirituality by considering societal responsibilities for others in need. Throughout all of my reading I have done a lot of thinking. Mainly thinking about what I believe is the right decision or view on topics. Reviewing this topic of social work values brought me to chapter 3. I read about how social workers are to be culturally sensitive to others beliefs upon many different ways of life. I want to examine values, attitudes, and spirituality. A social worker must understand his or her own self before he or she can help other people with their own problems or concerns. Should abortion be legal? Are gay and lesbian marriages right? Is it okay to have one nation under God on our countrys currency? These are all questions that I can quickly answer. I can answer them because I have already established a set of values that I follow in life. Some questions may be hard even though my values have already bee established. Values are the key to making decisions. What my values are will determine how I handle and take a stance on a given situation. I am sure this a very hard aspect of being a social worker, because many of the things that I have read about that social workers are obligated to do I do not believe in. I wonder how I would make a decision in those cases. The next aspect is attitudes. I really couldnt find any straight up answers to attitudes that should be given, but I know that the attitudes I form and show will be a result of my values, which have already been formed. The attitude, in my opinion, is how I display myself through actions or words after a situation has been handed to me. It is important to help all people and your reaction could be the result of them getting better or worse. So sensitivity is defiantly the key. The last is spirituality. This should be handled with the greatest care, in my judgment. Base ...

Course Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Course Review - Essay Example In another wavelength, this methodology also remains very important, given that its standards of evidence and indicators that the program uses helps in comparing the system’s performance to its peer institutions. These indicators help in making these comparisons, so as to uphold the highest of standards. The changes that have been proposed are very recommendable on several grounds. First, it is through these proposed PLO systems that important values relevant to the discipline can be inculcated. Skills, knowledge and competence are some of these values that are bound to be deeply entrenched, should PLO systems be implemented. Likewise, it is only by adopting the PLO system that professional and disciplinary standards that certain disciplines try to advance are bolstered. The newly proposed system is also worthy of recommendation since it ensures the maintenance of desired standards by comparing its performance indicators to its peer institutions. This comparison ensures that areas that have not been adequately administered, taught or effected are identified, and then followed through with correctional measures. This smoothens and facilitates effective and tenable transition. The PLO curriculum can be said to be very appropriate, given that they reflect current trends, debates, technology and developments that are taking shape in the discipline. Similarly, the PLO system involves the use of curriculum maps which support learners’ achievement and thereby helping in sustaining the required breadth and depth of the study. The same also helps capture the flow, courses, coherence and the sequencing of opportunities for these learners. This thereby helps these learners to achieve the aims of PLOs. As Wang advances, the PLO curriculum will be very instrumental in helping to keep up with the changing times. This is because the PLO curriculum considers and adopts the latest technology, developments and trends

Controvirsal of Cancun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Controvirsal of Cancun - Essay Example Cancun is however popular around the world and Mexicans take pride of the beautiful sand beaches and resorts found in the area. The beauty and fun experienced in the place has as a result attracted significant numbers of high school graduates from the U.S to make trips to Cancun after graduating more of a sign of a gift from their parents. It is however important to note that some of the students may source for their own funds and pay for the trips on their behalf. The issue has led to controversy over a period of years mostly relating to legalization of alcohol sales to people aged below twenty years. It is however important to note that since Cancun is outside the U.S, the federal states laws relating to sale of alcohol or any other issue are not observed in Cancun. The media is creating controversy about Cancun arguing that parents need to avoid giving high school graduate students free tickets to visit Cancun as alcohol is legally available for people below the age of twenty year s. It is noble for parents to present gifts as recognition of their efforts and achievements upon graduating from high school or any other level. The form of gift given to a majority of high school graduates in the U.S occurs in the form of free tickets for a one week visit to Cancun where students visit with their peers and enjoy the fun experienced in the result. Every year, controversy arises regarding these high school graduate students trips relating to what happens over at Cancun (Nim 213). Despite the feeling from many parents that a trip to Cancun is a good gift to their children upon graduating from high school, there is need to focus on some issues. Although the idea and action is good, observers believe that it is for no healthy reason that the free trip should include fellow graduates as well as friends for a whole week to enjoy and have pure fun and pleasure. The reason behind the

Woolworths Case Study Draft Essay Example for Free

Woolworths Case Study Draft Essay Part 1: Goodwill and Discontinued Operations a) Carrying value of goodwill 24 June 2012 The carrying value of goodwill in Woolworth’s consolidated financial statements was $3221.8 Million (M) at 24 June 2012. This figure is included within ‘intangible assets’ on the consolidated balance sheet and exact amount is disclosed in the Note 11 of Notes to consolidated financial statements (Woolworths 2012, p 126). b) Movements in carrying value of goodwill The carrying value of goodwill at the beginning of the period was $3227.7M (Woolworths 2012, p 126). An additional $42.1M was recognised throughout the year due to additional acquisition of businesses, with less . 5M for disposals and $0.7M for other expenses. Woolworths also recognised an impairment loss of $70.6M for the year. There was also an effect of movements in foreign exchange rates of $24.8M, which resulted in a carrying amount of $3221.8million at the end of the period (Woolworths 2012, p 126). c) Impairment loss on goodwill i) Impairment loss on Goodwill at 24 June 2012 was $70.6M. ii) Woolworth’s accounting policy with respect to impairment testing of goodwill is consistent with AASB 139 Intangible Assets. Note 11 (Woolworths 2012, p 126) specifically states that intangible assets (such as goodwill) with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually and when there is indication that the asset may be impaired, the impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is further defined to be the higher of fair value less cost to sell and value in use. iii) Impairment loss on goodwill was a result of Woolworth’s announcement to restructure and divest the Consumer Electronics Business. The amount is also disclosed as ‘discontinued operations’ in Note 33 (Woolworths 2012, p 96) for $366.2M. AASB 5.32 defined discontinued operations to be a part of an entity that represents a separate line, or part, of business or geographical area or subsidiary acquired exclusively for resale that had been disposed or classified as held for sale. A separate line item from continuing operations is required as a single figure disclosed in statement of comprehensive income or Notes. iv) The fair value less costs to sell figure of $420M (Woolworths 2012, p 174) includes impairment loss, restructuring provisions relating to goodwill, inventory, plant property and equipment, and lease exit costs. Since the impairment loss attributed to goodwill was $70.6M. Hence (420-70.6M) = $349.4M is attributable to fair value losses related to net  assets. Since held for sale assets disclosed in the Balance sheet (Woolworths 2012, p 99) is $376.7M, the net assets prior recognising the loss would have approximately been (349.4+376.7M) $726.1M, assuming that transaction costs and lease exit costs are negligible. v) The Dick Smith Electronics brand and stores were sold for $20M (Janda 2012). As the held for sale assets was recognised to be $376.7M, the net loss Woolworths would recognise is (376.7-20) $356.7M in the 2012-2013 financial period. Part 2: Investments in controlled entities a) Woolworths Limited group structure b) Non-controlling interest The carrying dollar value of the non-controlling interest (NCI) in Woolworths Limited as at 24 June 2012 was $258.1 million (Woolworths 2012, p 103). This NCI is the dollar amount of the combined equity interests in the parent companys subsidiaries not owned by the parent. When interviewed in 2013 Professor Chris Nobes confirmed that the figure also represented the profits made by NCI’s that have not yet been allocated to them. The respective NCI for the Woolworths Limited group applies to the external equity interests held in Woolworths Limiteds subsidiaries of ALH Group Pty Ltd, Australian Independent Retailers Pty Ltd, Bergam Pty Limited, Hydrox Holdings Pty Ltd and Statewide Independent Wholesalers Limited (Woolworths 2012, p 164-167). Woolworths Limiteds annual report is not useful for non-controlling shareholders. The reason for this is the information regarding NCI is aggregated as it combines all the information from separate subsidiaries with NCIs into combined figures which cannot be separated by a shareholder. It may then be argued that information regarding NCI should be more detailed however when interviewed in 2013 Professor Chris Nobes suggested that non-controlling shareholders should only be interested in the reports of their subsidiary as they are more detailed. Fortunately there are separate financial statements available for the subsidiaries with non-controlling interests. The reason for this is that the class action, ASIC Class Order 98/1418, exempting some subsidiaries from reporting requirements only pertains to wholly-owned subsidiaries (Woolworths 2012, p. 168). Therefore separate financial statements are available for subsidiaries of Woolworths Limited that have non-controlling interests. c) AASB 3.19 The Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) (2010, para 19) gives controlling entities a choice between measuring the non-controlling interest (NCI) using the 100% method or the proportionate method. The proportionate method does not assign goodwill to the NCI as it relates to the subsidiarys net identifiable assets. In comparison the 100% method requires the non-controlling interest to be measured at its fair value which includes goodwill. One reason an entity may prefer to use the proportionate method is that it does not require a calculation of fair value for the NCI. The calculation of fair value for the NCI may be difficult in circumstances where an active market does not exist. Using Woolworths Limiteds annual report we can gather information relating to which method they chose to use. Their significant accounting policies relating to goodwill state that goodwill represents the difference between the cost of the acquisition and the fair  value of the net identifiable assets acquired (Woolworths Limited 2012, p 108). Therefore this policy describes the same process for identifying goodwill as the process used in the proportionate method and it may be concluded that Woolworths is using the proportionate method. The issues regarding the choice between the two methods are interesting. The choice seems to be more beneficial for the parent entity rather than the NCI as a company such as Woolworths Limited may choose to consistently use the proportionate method. This may misrepresent the value of the NCI to be lower as this method does not have a goodwill component for the NCI which the 100% method often has. Therefore the disclosures under the proportionate method made by Woolworths Limited regarding the NCI values could be undervalued. When interviewed in 2013 Professor Chris Nobes suggested that the choice between the two methods may affect comparability of financial statements. This point is reiterated by the International Accounting Standards Board (2012, para BC210). A further issue according to the International Accounting Standards Board (2012, para BC213) is that the 100% method is more expensive to use which is one key reason for the inclusion of the proportionate method. Using all these arguments one can see that there are many perspectives about which method is better and whether a choice should have been included in the standard. Still we should not be too concerned as Professor Chris Nobes confirms in his 2013 interview that not many business acquisitions have NCI components or they have an insignificant NCI component and therefore the issue of choice under AASB 3.19 is small. Part 3: Segment note a) Reportable segments Woolworths (2012) has identified five reportable segments related to continuing operations according to AASB 8.13. Each reporting segment is managed separately due to the varying products and services they offer, as well as the requirement of ‘different technology and marketing strategies’ (Woolworths 2012, p 119) of each business unit. The reportable segments are split into two categories of Retail Operations and Hotels, with the former comprising of Australian Food Liquor, New Zealand Supermarkets, Petrol and Big W. As at 24 June 2012, the Australian Food Liquor segment comprised of 872 Australian supermarkets, totalling approximately 6.52% of total EBIT, and 160 Dan Murphy Liquor stores (Woolworths 2012). The Woolworths convenience liquor businesses; BWS and Woolworths Liquor are also included within the segment. This segment relies heavily on consumer confidence levels as the bulk of the sales stems from general groceries found at the supermarket as an alternative to fast food outlets that offer more affordable meal options. Similarly, the New Zealand Supermarkets segment specialises in the ‘procurement of Food and Liquor and products for resale to customers in New Zealand’ (Woolworths 2012, p 119). The ‘Countdown’ supermarkets operate in the same way as the Woolworths supermarkets in Australia, with a total of 161 supermarkets opened across the country as at June 24 2012. In the Petrol segment, the ‘procurement of Petroleum products for resale to customers in Australia’ (Woolworths 2012, p 119) is categorised through the Woolworths/Caltex alliance sites. This segment, coupled with the Big W segment, ; the ‘procurement of discount general merchandise products for resale to customers in Australia’ (Woolworths 2012, p 119) round off the reportable retail operations segments as the smallest, bearing not as big influence as the supermarket segments in relation to the group. Furthermore, the hotels segment is heavily affiliated with the liquor stores and supermarkets, as they provide leisure and hospitality services including alcohol and food, as well as gaming and accommodation. There are 294 hotel venues in operation as at June 24 2012, with Dan Murphy’s and BWS stores affiliated with over 500 hotels in total. b) Investment analysis When determining the ‘better’ investment between Woolworths Limited and Wesfarmers Limited amidst volatilities in the New Zealand economy and Australian groceries, liquor and petrol sectors, it is important not to make direct comparisons between the two companies encompassing different segment disclosure methods despite the compliance with AASB 8. Woolworths has identified New Zealand Supermarkets as a reportable segment, presenting comprehensive revenue data including other operating revenue and inter-segment revenue. Contrastingly, Wesfarmers does not comply with AASB 8.23 a) and b) by only disclosing the New Zealand revenue by geographical location. Nevertheless, assuming that the sales to customers was used by both companies, the following revenue calculations were calculated since the previous year: Comparability between the competing companies becomes increasingly difficult when analysing the investment in relation to the volatile groceries, liquor and petrol sectors. Whilst Woolworths identified the Australian Food Liquor and Petrol business units as different reportable segments, Wesfarmers grouped this financial information under ‘Coles’. The information regarding the allocation of revenues between operating units for Wesfarmers is not provided, hampering an ethical investing choice for external users. Despite the reporting issues, a revenue analysis was conducted in order to determine the most profitable company. Since the Coles segment was determined by a sum of undisclosed food, liquor, hotels, convenience and petrol data, the following analysis used Woolworths as a sum of its same divisions: Though abiding by AASB 8, Wesfarmers disclosed as little information as possible. It is clear that Wesfarmers possesses a fear of disclosure, and would rather present aggregated data in order to hide potential information  about risk, losses and debt levels for a particular Company 2012 $A revenue (millions) 2011 $A revenue (millions) $A change (millions) % change Woolworths 4301.8 4110.5 191.3 4.654% Wesfarmers 1283 1174 109 9.2845% Company Segment Revenue 2012 (millions) Segment Revenue 2011 (millions) Segment EBIT 2012 (millions) Segment EBIT 2011 (millions) % change in segment Revenue % change in segment EBIT Woolworths 45,815.6 43,478.4 3140 2980.2 5.34% 5.36% Coles 34,117 32,073 1356 1166 6.373% 16.3% segment. However, when removing segment reporting variability between the two companies, it is clear that greater growth opportunities exists for Wesfarmers, and is therefore the recommended investment. c) AASB 8 non-disclosures i) Despite clear disclosure of revenue for its reportable segments, Woolworths did not disclose its segment assets and segment liabilities. Therefore, it is assumed that the company did not comply with AASB 8.21 b), where information about segment assets and liabilities was not disclosed. However, AASB 8.23 states that ‘an entity shall report a measure of liabilities for each reportable segment if such an amount is regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker’ (AASB 2010, p 15). Similarly, this extends to the non-disclosure of segment assets according to AASB 25: ‘only those assets that are included in the measures of the segment’s assets that are used by the chief operating decision maker shall be reported for that segment’. Here it is agreed that the CODM of Woolworths does not believe the risk and opportunities of these items are important, thus the non-disclosure in the segment reports. ii) Whilst Woolworths was able to disaggregate the diverse aspects of their total business, Wesfarmers aggregated the majority of their core business operation within the ‘Coles’ segment. It is clear that Wesfarmers does not comply with AASB 8.20; by not enabling users to ‘evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business activities in which it engages’ (AASB 2010, p 14). However, AASB 8.22 b) states that an entity shall disclose ‘the types of products and services from which each reportable segment derives its revenues’ (AASB 2010, p 15). It is clear that Wesfarmers abide by this standard by disclosing the components of the Coles segment, instead of the revenue figures generated from each segment. d) ACCC investigation i) Acts of ‘unconscionable conduct’ such as high bargaining strength for Woolworths and Wesfarmers resulting in demands for extra payments, penalties and threat to suppliers that products will be removed from shelves (Rolfe 2013) would be highly financially beneficial to the two groups as they are significantly lowering the costs of supplies, and thus allowing opportunity to increase profit margins. This is further evidenced in Coles’ 15% increase in pre-tax earnings in 6 months (Rolfe 2013) and a 24% increase in pretax earnings for Wesfarmers despite the same level of stock. The two groups also demonstrate significant market power through ‘interesting’ competitive methods (Kidd 2013) of purchasing each  other’s profitable stores as the purchases show the ‘significant financial strength’ (ACCC 2013) of the business. ii) Coles and Woolworths can minimise disclosures as to hide ‘unconscionable conduct’ and ‘misuse of market power’ by not disclosing costs of supplies in their segment notes. AASB 8 requires a ‘management approach’ to be adopted where information used by the ‘chief operating decision maker’ internally for segment evaluation is disclosed (AASB 8.5b). This allows great  flexibility for management to aggregate figures into the disclosed segments which Woolworths had divided into geographical and operational segments. The aggregated figures disclosed are summarised and does not disclose any information about cost of supplies (Woolworths 2012, p 119). In fact, only revenues attributable to each segment is reported. Australian Food and Liquor segment reported $37,681.4M revenue, which depicts a substantially larger segment relative to New Zealand Supermarkets, Petrol, Big W and Hotels, which average at $5000M each. iii) Since Woolworths’ business in Australia is significantly larger than other segments, from the perspective of consumer groups, it would be beneficial to further divide the Australian Food and Liquor segment into State segments, for example. Currently, Australia has 872 stores, New Zealand has 161 stores and that NSW, QLD, VIC all have larger number of stores than New Zealand, it would be beneficial to further dissect the segments into regional groups.

intelligence Essays -- essays research papers

Intelligence is the level of competence, ability to learn or to some people it is how well an individual performs on an IQ test. The structure of intelligence is best subdivided into two significant categories. They are environmental and hereditary influences. Environmental differences can be divided into different factors. The deprivation model of social class and intelligence consists of three variables. These variables explain, in terms of environmental factors, development and performance which are correlated with social status. The first of these variables consists of the combination of birth order, nutrition, and prenatal care. Children who are first born, on average score better on mental tests. There is a definite higher number of first born children among higher socioeconomic groups as opposed to lower socioeconomic groups. According to Bruce Eckland, children of higher economic class tend to be brighter, on average, than children of lower economic groups (65). Both prenatal stress and malnutrition, impair development and are found much more frequently among lower socioeconomic classes. According to Philip E. Vernon, the fetus can have lack blood supply and growth of the fetus can be disturbed if the mother takes certain drugs or suffers from certain diseases. Severe stress on the mother can also be hazardous to the fetus (84). These conditions expressed are both genetic and or resulting from environmental conditions and are known to as constitutional factors. The second variable of the deprivation model which helps exhibit differences in performance is the cultural variable. It seems that lower socioeconomic classes experience a unique pattern of behavioral and psychological traits which impair development in children raised in these conditions. The last environmental variable that accounts for differences in the cognitive development is the social cultural variable. This variable includes deprivation which involves socially structured inequalities in education and other social opportunities for improving performance. Sidney W. Bijou states that in order to help development, an ample supply of physical stimuli for cognitive development is favorable along with the people who have to manage these stimuli in contingent relationships after the birth of the child (230). Another environmental contribution to intelligence, which Bijou points out is th... ...ort the conclusion that both genetic and environmental components have a significant effect upon the intelligence of the child. There has also been some research done on identical twins who live in different environments. They have been compared with siblings who are not twins but live in the same environment. The correlation results for twins who live apart is .75 and .24 for no-twin siblings who do live together. It seems that together, these two correlations almost add up to 1.00 which is the total phenotypic variance. Vernon points out that the effect of genes is much more powerful than that of the environment. Even though the precise values of the correlations are of dispute, analyses of kinship data, concludes Vernon, provides the most convincing demonstration of genetic influence on intelligence. Undoubtedly ,the subject of intelligence can be defined in many ways. To better understand intelligence psychologist have rendered two main influences as cause for variable intelligence levels. These two main influences as discussed previously cannot be explained as one being the main determinant of intelligence. This two influences are environmental and hereditary influences.

Life of Isaac Deutscher Essay

Trotskyism is a theory by a German, Leon Trotsky who was a Bolshevik-Leninist and also a Marxist. Trotsky politics do not advocate for socialism but rather proletarian revolution in a country, proletarian revolution is a revolution whereby the working class work together to overthrow bourgeois. Trotsky’s followers are known as Trotskyist or Trot. The play Trotsky’s bar mitzvah is a ten minute play that was produced in Louisville KY. The drama explores the life of a Jew in the twentieth century. The play is somewhat based on the life of Isaac Deutscher. Isaac Deutscher was born in Chrzanow in Poland into a family of religious Jews, he studied the torah and the Talmud but by the time of his bar mitzvah he had lost his faith. After testing God by eating forbidden food at the grave of a holy person and witnessing that nothing happened, he became an atheist. The play examines the life of Isaac Deutscher and the challenges he went through that eventually led him to loose his religion. Since the play is set in modern times, the viewer is able to relate to the life of the main character in the play and understand the life of a modern ay Jew. The charm in this play is irresistible, Max Apples is willing to experiment and try almost anything. He welcomes new ideas and his language is versatile. In the play he captures the audience by recreating history afresh and using an approach that the viewer is able to relate to. The author of the play, Max Apple has been compared favorably with other prominent writers such as John Barth, Philip Roth, and Woody Allen. Although his work has received critical acclaim and enjoys considerable popularity, some commentators think Max’s work in literature may have limited relevancy due to Max Apple’s heavy usage of cultural references, he makes use of plenty of his Jewish traditions in which some non Jewish readers find hard to relate to. However, it has been posited by some scholars that Apple’s audience is increasingly a younger generation, the younger generation is more sympathetic to his flashy postmodern technique in literature and for whom the written language of the play is less meaningful than apples pictograph which is flashy. The author has borrowed real-life figures for use in his fiction for purely utilitarian and pragmatic purposes: the author assumes that his readers know some things and hence commences his work from there. He has stated that he tries to write very quickly and economically so that anything that saves him from descriptions and unnecessary words is always helpful to him. That explains why the play ‘Trotsky’s bar mitzvah’ is rather short. The playwright does not use long descriptive sentences. The play is given serious themes by the author, examples of these serious themes include: death, love, health, money. The use of humor is widely employed in his work; the author uses comic relief as he examines the variety of human attributes. To the author, allusions, ironies, and levels of meaning make writing rather tiresome and instead he prefers the use of symbols, acronyms, images, real names, datelines, and the kind of catchy and absurd headlines often found in tabloids to give his writing an edge that it has over other types of literary works. The author is indeed charming in script as well as in character as depicted in the play, he is more interested in exploring new forms of writing, Max Apples has a refreshing and an uncommon way of telling a story. In conclusion it is clear to say that that play ‘Trotsky’s bar mitzvah’ is wide known for its characteristics in comedy, intelligence, and witty inventiveness. Although it has a cultural bias that tends to discriminate non Jews or people who have no knowledge of Jewish traditions, it is safe to say that it is indeed a fascinating piece of work. REFERENCES 1. http://actorstheater. com 2. Jerome Beaty, J. Paul hunter: new worlds of literature. 3. http://seanhart. com/barmitzvah 4. http://the nation. com/doc/200503/aronson

Biography of Vlad the Impaler, Inspiration for Dracula

Vlad III (between 1428 and 1431–between December 1476 and January 1477) was a 15th-century ruler of Wallachia, an east European principality within modern Romania. Vlad became infamous for his brutal punishments, such as impalement, but also renowned by some for his attempt to fight the Muslim Ottomans, even though Vlad was only largely successful against Christian forces. He ruled on three occasions—1448, 1456 to 1462, and 1476—and experienced new fame in the modern era thanks to links to the novel Dracula. Fast Facts: Vlad III Known For: East European 15th-century rule who was the inspiration for DraculaAlso Known As: Vlad the Impaler,  Vlad III Dracula, Vlad Tepes, Dracuglia, DrakulaBorn: Between 1428 and 1431Parents: Mircea I of Wallachia, Eupraxia of MoldaviaDied: Between December 1476 and January 1477Spouse(s): Unknown first wife, Jusztina Szilà ¡gyiChildren: Mihnea, Vlad  Drakwlya Early Years Vlad was born between 1428 and 1431 into the family of Vlad II Dracul. This nobleman had been allowed into the crusading Order of the Dragon (Dracul) by its creator, the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, to encourage him to defend both Christian east Europe and Sigismund’s lands from encroaching Ottoman forces and other threats. The Ottomans were expanding into eastern and central Europe, bringing with them a rival religion to that of the Catholic and Orthodox Christians who had previously dominated the region. However, the religious conflict can be overstated, as there was an old-fashioned secular power struggle between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Ottomans over both Wallachia—a relatively new state—and its leaders. Although Sigismund had turned to a rival of Vlad II’s soon after initially supporting him, he came back to Vlad and in 1436 Vlad II became voivode, a form of prince, of Wallachia. However, Vlad II then broke with the Emperor and joined the Ottomans in order to try to balance the rival powers swirling around his country. Vlad II then joined the Ottomans in attacking Transylvania, before Hungary tried to reconcile. Everyone grew suspicious, and Vlad was briefly ousted and imprisoned by the Ottomans. However, he was soon released and reconquered the country. The future Vlad III was sent along with Radu, his younger brother, to the Ottoman court as a hostage to ensure that his father stayed true to his word. He didn’t, and as Vlad II vacillated between Hungary and the Ottomans, the two sons survived simply as diplomatic collateral. Perhaps crucially for Vlad III’s upbringing, he was able to experience, understand, and immerse himself into Ottoman culture. Struggle to be Voivode Vlad II and his eldest son were killed by rebel boyars—Wallachian noblemen—in 1447, and a new rival called Vladislav II was put on the throne by the pro-Hungarian governor of Transylvania, called Hunyadi. At some point, Vlad III and Radu were freed, and Vlad returned to the principality to begin a campaign aimed at inheriting his father’s position as voivode, which led to conflict with boyars, his younger brother, the Ottomans, and others. Wallachia had no clear system of inheritance to the throne. Instead, the previous incumbent’s children could equally claim it, and one of them was usually elected by a council of boyars. In practice, outside forces (mainly the Ottomans and Hungarians) could militarily support friendly claimants to the throne. Factional Conflict What followed were 29 separate reigns of 11 separate rulers, from 1418 to 1476, including Vlad III thrice. It was from this chaos, and a patchwork of local boyar factions, that Vlad sought first the throne, and then to establish a strong state through both bold actions and outright terror. There was a temporary victory in 1448  when Vlad took advantage of a recently defeated anti-Ottoman crusade and its capture of Hunyadi to seize the throne of Wallachia with Ottoman support. However, Vladislav II soon returned from crusade and forced Vlad out. It took nearly another decade for Vlad to seize the throne as Vlad III in 1456. There is little information on what exactly happened during this period, but Vlad went from the Ottomans to Moldova, to a peace with Hunyadi, to Transylvania, back and forth between these three, falling out with Hunyadi, renewed support from him, military employment, and in 1456, an invasion of Wallachia—in which Vladislav II was defeated and killed. At the same time Hunyadi, coincidentally, died. Ruler of Wallachia Established as voivode, Vlad now faced the problems of his predecessors: how to balance Hungary and the Ottomans  and keep himself independent. Vlad began to rule in a bloody manner designed to strike fear into the hearts of opponents and allies alike. He ordered people to be impaled on stakes, and his atrocities were inflicted on anyone who upset him, no matter where they came from. However, his rule has been misinterpreted. During the communist era in Romania, historians outlined a vision of Vlad as a socialist hero, focused largely around the idea that Vlad attacked the excesses of the boyar aristocracy, thus benefiting the ordinary peasants. Vlad’s ejection from the throne in 1462 has been attributed to boyars seeking to protect their privileges. Some chronicles record that Vlad bloodily carved his way through the Boyars to strengthen and centralize his power, adding to his other, and horrific, reputation. However, while Vlad did slowly increase his power over disloyal boyars, this is now believed to have been a gradual attempt to try and solidify a fictionalized state beset by rivals, and neither a sudden orgy of violence—as some of the stories claim—or the actions of a proto-communist. The existing powers of the boyars were left alone, as just the favorites and enemies who changed position. This took place over several years, rather than in one brutal session. Vlad the Impaler’s Wars Vlad attempted to restore the balance of Hungarian and Ottoman interests in Wallachia  and swiftly came to terms with both. However, he was soon assailed by plots from Hungary, who changed their support to a rival voivode. War resulted, during which Vlad supported a Moldovan noble who would both later fight him and earn the epithet Stephen the Great. The situation between Wallachia, Hungary, and Transylvania fluctuated for several years, going from peace to conflict, and Vlad tried to keep his lands and throne intact. Around 1460 or 1461, having secured independence from Hungary, regained land from Transylvania, and defeated his rival rulers, Vlad broke off relations with the  Ottoman Empire, ceased paying his yearly tribute, and prepared for war. The Christian parts of Europe were moving toward a crusade against the Ottomans. Vlad may have been fulfilling a  long-term  plan for independence, falsely buoyed by his success against his Christian rivals, or planning an opportunistic attack while the sultan was east. The war with the Ottomans began in the winter of  1461-1462  when Vlad attacked  neighboring  strongholds and plundered into Ottoman lands. The response was the sultan invading with his army in 1462, aiming to install Vlad’s brother Radu on the throne. Radu had lived in the Empire for a long time and was pre-disposed to the Ottomans; they did not plan on establishing direct rule over the region. Vlad was forced back, but not before a daring night raid to try to kill the sultan himself. Vlad terrified the Ottomans with a field of impaled people, but Vlad was defeated and Radu took the throne. Expulsion from Wallachia Vlad did not, as some of the pro-communist and pro-Vlad historians have claimed, defeat the Ottomans and then fall to a revolt of rebel boyars.  Instead,  some of Vlad’s followers fled to the Ottomans to ingratiate themselves to Radu when it became apparent that Vlad’s army could not defeat the invaders. Hungary’s forces arrived too late to aid  Vlad—if they had ever  intended to help him—and  instead  arrested him, transferred him to Hungary, and locked him up. Final Rule and Death After years of  imprisonment,  Vlad was released by Hungary in 1474 or 1475 to seize back the Wallachian throne and fight against a forthcoming invasion by the Ottomans, on the condition he converted to Catholicism and away from Orthodoxy. After fighting for the Moldavians, he regained his throne in  1476  but was killed shortly after in a battle with the Ottoman claimant to Wallachia. Legacy and Dracula Many leaders have come and gone, but Vlad remains a well-known figure in European history. In some parts of Eastern Europe he is a hero for his role in fighting the Ottomans—although he fought Christians just as much, and more successfully—whereas in much of the rest of the world he is infamous for his brutal punishments, a byword for cruelty, and bloodthirstiness. Verbal attacks on Vlad were spreading while he was still very much alive, partly to justify his imprisonment and partly as a result of human interest in his brutality. Vlad lived at a time when print was emerging, and Vlad became one of the first horror figures in printed literature. Much of his recent fame has to do with the use of Vlad’s sobriquet Dracula. This literally means Son of Dracul and is a reference to his father’s entry into the Order of the Dragon, Draco then meaning Dragon. But when British author ​Bram Stoker named his vampire character Dracula, Vlad entered a whole new world of popular notoriety. Meanwhile, the Roman language developed and dracul came to mean devil. Vlad was not, as is sometimes assumed, named after this. Sources Lallanilla, Marc. â€Å"Vlad the Impaler: The Real Dracula Was Absolutely Vicious.†Ã‚  NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, 31 Oct. 2013.â€Å"10 Fascinating Facts About The Real Dracula.†Ã‚  Listverse, 11 Oct. 2014.Webley, Kayla. â€Å"Top 10 Royals Who Would Have Been Terrible on Facebook.†Ã‚  Time, Time Inc., 9 Nov. 2010.